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Thirty years war begins
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Louis XIII constructs a hunting lodge at Versailles
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Richelieu becomes chief minister
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rebellion in Languedoc
Richelieu appointed elus to police taxation in the pays d'etat which was controversial as they were supposed to be self-governing. it sparked the rebellion of Languedoc.
Richelieu won the rebellion but realised he had overstepped his mark so removed the elus and allowed the pays d'etat to retain their privileges. -
the French Academy is set up
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Franco-Spanish war begins
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year of corbie
humiliating French defeat by the Spanish, lowpoint of French foreign power a Spanish army invaded from the lowlands in the north east of France were the grounds were flat and opened onto the Spanish Netherlands. They managed to get all the way to Corbie which were virtually the suburbs of Paris. -
Louis XIV born
'God-given' and the 'miracle child'
His parents hated each other and his father was gay... it was incredible he was ever born at all -
defiance of royal policy
Aix and Rouen's parlement openly defy royal policy in response to the crown's bad treatment of parlement -
Richelieu dies
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Louis XIII dies
regency council is created in his will but swiftly dissolved by his wife Anne of Austria to make her sole regent of Louis XIV -
the battle of rocroi
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plot to murder Mazarin
Led by the Duc de Beaufort, a group of aristocrats conspired to kill Mazarin
It included:
- The Duc de Vendome: he held governance of Brittany and promised he’d pull Mazarin's moustache off
- Augustin Potier, Bishop of Beauvais: he wanted to be chief minister and replace Mazarin
- The Marquis of Chateauneuf: he had been sacked by Richelieu and wanted to be liked again -
early foreign policy gains
- battle of freiburg
- french occupation of Phillipsburg
- Turenne occupies key fortifications in the Rhineland, including Worms and Mainz
- Gaston besieges Gravelines
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more early foreign policy gains
- mazarin supports rebels in Catalonia and Portugal
- Mazarin brokers peace between Sweden and Denmark to forge his own alliance with them
- Mazarin subsides Rakoczy, Prince of Translyvania
- Mazarin secures a Polish alliance
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Fronde begins
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battle of Lens and the Peace of Westphalia
this was the high point of foreign policy before the crash of the Frondes
the treaty of westphalia was a result of the battle of Lens Lens - 20th of August
Westphalia - 24th of October -
post-Frondes French foreign policy success
battle of the dunes (in Dunkirk, 14th of June)
Turenne recaptures Ypres, Menin and Furnes in Flanders
League of the German Princes (14th of August) -
Thirty Years War ends
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lit de justice
it registers new offices and taxes to help pay for the war -
edict of union
courts meet in chambres Saint Louis -
the chambre St Louis programme
- all new taxes and edicts to be verified by sovereign courts
- no salary reductions without consent
- no new office sales
- no lettres de cachet
- no intendants or extraordinary commissioners
- abolition of the lit de justice
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Broussel arrested
the day later he is released after riots and protests -
Period: to
siege of Paris
Conde leads the siege of Paris on behalf of the crown the first time around, fighting against parlement protestors -
court leaves Paris
heads to Saint Germain -
parlement outlaws Mazarin
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Treaty of Reuil
reforms are accepted and princes are ignored -
arrests of nobles
Conde, Conti and Longueville are arrestedby Mazarin leading to the princes' Fronde parlement argues that this is unlawful under the peace of reuil -
Battle of Rethel
Mazarin beats Turenne at his attempted Spanish backed capture of Rethel -
Mazarin returns from exile
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Conde is nominated as royal governor of Guyenne
he replaces Epernon and raises expectations of radicals in the province -
the union of parlement and aristocratic frondeurs is created
they blame Mazarin for the Frondes and all the chaos saying he purposefully created it to prolong his own power -
Conde and co. released
Conde, Conti and Longueville are released after persuasion from the English wife of the executed Charles I from Le Havre and Mazarin because of this goes into exile -
Louis XIV comes of age
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Ormee seize power in Bordeaux
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Mazarin's second exile
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Conde leaves Paris
he goes to work for the Spanish and betrays his country.... -
Gondi becomes cardinal de Retz
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Ormee storm the Chapeau Rouge
after they are instructed to discontinue their meetings, they storm the parts of the city inhabited by the wealthy bourgeoisie and seize power -
Conde attempts to set up puppet government
he tries to do this under Broussel and Beaufort but it fails Broussel is simply too old
Beaufort is preoccupied with other matters -
French foreign policy failures after the Frondes
French surrender Casale and Monferrato in Italy
French surrender Gravelines and Dunkirk in Flanders
Anglo-Spanish force defeat French fleet at Dunkirk -
Conde joins the Spaniards after the Frondes
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Turenne's reconciliation with the crown
Turenne rejoins the crown and defeats Conde at the battle of Fauborg Saint-Antoine near Paris that brings much of an end to the Frondes -
Faubourg Saint Antoine
Turenne and his army on behalf of the crown defeat the rogue Conde and essentially bring about the beginning of the end of the Frondes -
Louis XIV returns to Paris
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Mazarin returns from second exile
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post-Frondes French foreign policy success
siege of rocroi by Conde
Turenne recaptures Sainte-Menehould and Monzon -
The Ormee are defeated
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Dureteste betrayed and tried
after hiding from the crown following the Ormee, he is betrayed and handed to Mazarin where he is tried by Parlement, broken on the wheel in the presence of his erstwhile supporters and then executed under the elm trees where they had first met :( -
post-Frondes French foreign policy success
Turenne defeats Conde at Landrecies
November- the treaty of Westminster -
Pope Alexander VII comes into power
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treaty of the pyrenees
the high point of french foreign power -this is when Louis is arranged to marry Maria Theresa, the infanta of Spain
-Louis would renounce all claim to the Spanish throne through the marriage IF a very expensive dowry was payed (knowing the Spanish could not afford this)
-this allowed Maria Theresa's claims to the throne to pass onto Louis -
Franco-Spanish war ends
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Louis XIV marries Maria Theresa of Spain
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Louis XIV begins expansion of his father's chateau
he contracts the architect Louis Le Vau and gardener Andre Le Notre (the same people who did Fouquet's Vaux Le Vicomte) -
Royal Academy of painting and sculpture set up
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conseil des finances and chambre de justice established
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Louis decides on harsher measures to root out Jansenism
in April the council of the state ordered all french clergy to sign the formulary against Jansenism
at the same time, jesuit doctrines were imposed on port royal and new nuns were forbidden. scholars were expelled from the convent. the nuns at port royal flatly refused. -
Fouquet holds fete at Vaux-le-Vicomte to flatter the King
this backfires and, for several other reasons, Fouquet is arrested. -
Le Grande Carousel
takes place at the Tuileries palace
a spectacular display of horsemanship and pageantry held in the gardens to honour the birth of the dauphin
there were over 15,000 spectators with races, a parade, and a tournament amongst nobles -
Corsican guards incident
corsican guards in rome fired shots at the coach of the french ambassador which killed and wounded members of his entourage. Louis threatened to invade the papal state of Avignon until papal legate Cardinal Chigi publicly apologised which he did in 1664. -
gobelins manufactory set up
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apology for the corsican guards incident
Pope alexander VII agreed to erect a monument in Rome at the site of the brawl and accept the French embassy's diplomatic and legal immunity from the papale police -
Louis attempts to cajole the nuns into signing
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Louis condemns the Sorbonne's censure of the doctrine of papal infallibility
the Sorbonne was the main theological college in France that was made up of predominantly Gallicans -
Pope Alexander VII issues a bull condemning Jansenists
it is called regiminis apostolici
it was requested by Louis
it stated that the Jansenists were heretical the nuns refused again to sign saying that the Pope had no authority over them using Gallican grounds (the separation of the French church and Rome) -
academy of sciences set up
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Pope Clement IX comes into power
replacing Alexander VII -
Construction of full-scale palace of Versailles began
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Peace of the Church
following the pope's lead, Jansenists are given the right of respectful silence after Alexander VII is replaced by the more conciliatory Clement IX and being influenced by Conde's sister, Madame Longueville who was protectress of the jansenist nuns at port royal, the peace of the church is issued.- it gave jansenists the right to respectful silence
- withdrew the formulary and armed guards
- permitted nuns of port royal to live and teach freely
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academy of opera set up
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the surrounding area of Versailles is developed with housing for nobility
finances are under pressure at this point due to the Dutch war that lasted from 1672-1678 -
Pope Clement X comes into power
replacing Clement IX -
academy of music and architecture set up
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Louis becomes the president of the French academy
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the regale is extended
the regale was the right from the 1516 concordat of bologna to collect revenue from empty dioceses (vacant seats) in northern france. this provided valuable revenue to fund the Dutch war. in 1673 and 1674 Louis extended the regale to all of France, including southern provinces of Guyenne, Dauphine and Provence. He received the approval of the paris parlement and Pope Clement did not oppose him. but two jansenist bishops did. -
Turenne dies
he is hit by a stray cannonball :( -
Pope Innocent XI comes into power
replacing Pope Clement X -
Louis passes an edict suppressing Jansenism
he is convinced by his Jesuit confessor that the jansenist refusal to submit challenged his divine sovereignty. he passed an edict suppressing Jansenism in paris and port royal, which was ordered to reduce its numbers to only 50 women. -
Versailles is completed and the court move in
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the four gallican articles
they reaffirmed the french kings rights
- kings and princes were not subordinate to Rome in non-spiritual matters
and denied papal infallibility
- in matters of faith, the pope takes the lead but is not infallible
- the pope is subordinate to general councils
- papal rulings can be altered if they do not have the support of general councils -
Louis refuses to help Leopold I HRE
he refused to help defend christendom in Vienna from Ottoman Turkish attack. this puts his own dynastic rivalry above the defenses of the christian faith which was very controversial. -
regale is withdrawn
Louis comes to a compromise by keeping one regale as well as withdrawing the Gallican articles