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French Revolution and Napoleon
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The Great Fear
• Used to describe the French rural panic of 1789
• Led to peasant attacks on aristocrats or on seigneurial records of peasants' dues -
The Estates General opens at Versailles
• Twelve hundred deputies journeyed to the king's palace for the oepning
• The Estates General was a body of deputies represented from the three estates or orders of France -
Third Estate Deputies declare themselves the National Assembly
• After six weeks of stalemate in Versailles, they came to this conclusion.
• The National Assembley represented each deputy as an individual. -
"Tennis Court Oath"
• Showed determination of deputies to carry out a constitutional revolution
• Nobles were forced to join -
The French Revolution Begins
• July 14 1979 armed Parisians captured Bastille
• Several thousand women march to the center of Paris to Versailles three months later *Both of these events led to the beginning of the French Revolution -
National Assembly abolishes feudalism
• Noble deputies announced their willingness to give up their tax exemptions and seigneurial dues.
• Freed the remaining serfs and eliminated all special privileges on matters of taxation. -
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
• Passed by National Assembly
• The preamble to the French constitution
• Established the sovereignty of the nation and the equal rights for citizens -
Women's March to Versailles
• Marched to Vesailles to confront the king
• Led to the king agreeing to move his family and governmen to Paris
• Everyone realized that the French Revolution wasn't only a men's affair
• Ended on the 6th of October -
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Monarchy to Republic
• The Revolution of Rights and Reason
• Monarchy ends with the execution of Louis XIV -
Fall of Bastille
• Armed crowd marced on the Bastille
• Common people proved they were willing to interven violently at a crucial polititcal moment -
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
• Set pay scales for the clergy
• Provided that the voters elect their own parish priests and bishops -
Marie-Antoinette and Louis attempt to flee
• Drssed in disguises
• They were captured at Vareness
• Response to Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France -
Rights of Man is written
• Written by Thomas Paine
• He defended the idea of reform based on reason -
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Legislative Assembly
• New Group of legislatures
• Members of the National Assembly agreed not to work in the new government
• Dominated by Jacobins
• Girodin are a small group of radical Jacobins who are committed to a liberal revolution
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Declaration of War on Austria
• Louis and Marie-Antoinette hoped it would lead to the defeat of the Revolution
• Deputies thought it would lead to Louis' downfall
• Continued for twenty-three years -
Insurrection in Paris and attack on Tuileries
• Lead to the removal of king's authority
• Instituted universal male sufferage fo the first time -
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"September Massacres" occur
• Murders of prisoners in Paris
• Common people demanded instant revenge on supposed enemies and conspirators -
Louis XIV is executed
• Trial during December of 1792
• Tried and found guilty of treason
• Executed by order of the National Convention -
The Start of the Vendeé Rebellion
• Led by Vendeeans, they resisted the new republican government
• They were loyal to the king and the pre-constitutional church -
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The Vendeé Rebellion
• Peasants artisans, and weavers joined under noble leadership
• Formed a "Catholic and Royal Army" -
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Arrest of the Girondins
• Were arrested because of insurrection
• Became illegal to be Girondin -
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Reign of Terror
• Robespierre and the Committee
• The Republic of Virtue (1793-1794)
• Resisting the Revolution
The Fall of Robespierre and the End of the Terror -
General Maximum is established
• Set limits on the prices of thirty-nine essential commodities and on wages
• Set during the reign of Terror -
Robespierre is named to the Committee of Public Safety
• He was it guiding spirit and the chief spokesman
• He was chosen because he was considered incorruptible. -
The execution of Marie-Antoinette
• Convicted for treason in Paris
• Convicted by the Revolutionary Tribunal -
Slavery abolished in the French colonies
• All men were given the rights provided by the Constitution
• Slavery was abolished in all French colonies -
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Event with the ultra-revolutionaries
- They were arrested on March 13th • Trial occured and they were executed March 24th
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Events of Danton and his followers
• Arrested on March 30th
• Trials occurred then they were executed April 5th -
Arrest of Robespierre and his supporters
• Happened when he appeared before the Convention with another list of deputies needed to be arrested
• Out of fears the deputies shouted that he needed to be arrested instead -
Execution of Maximilien Robespierre
• Arrest and execution occur in July of 1794
• His execution results in the end of the Terror -
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Execution of Robespierre and his followers
• Robespierre tried to shoot himself but ended up breaking his jaw instead
• Him and his followers were sent to the guillotine -
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Thermidorian Reaction
• Violent backlash agaisnt the rule of Robespierre
• It dismantled the Terror and punished Jacobins and their supporters -
Directory government takes office
• Was headed by five directors
• Was the executive body of the new constitution
• Lead to the Directory holding power for four years -
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Succession of the Italian Victories
• Lead by Napolean Bonaparte -
Coup against Directory
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Conspirators persuade legislature to move out of Paris
• In order to avoid an imaginary Jacobin Plan
• Lead to the ejection of soldiers that were against Bonaparte -
Napoleon named First Consul
• He ended the French Revolution
• His success in the Italian campaigns lead to him being name First Consul -
Republic Ends
• Napoleon becomes the First Consul
• Gives the church power again
• Napoleon struck against royalist conspirators as well -
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Napoleon
• He was first consul in 1799 then was made emperor in 1804
• He effectively ended the French Revolution
• Pushed France toward an authoritarian state
• He compromised with the Catholic church
• He was exiled to the island of St. Helena after 1815 -
Napoleon signs concordat with pope
• Ended a decade of fighting between Fchurch-state conflict in France
* It brought back the French Catholic population
• Napoleon was able to gain the pope's support of his regime -
Napoleon crowned emperor
• He crowned himself
• Plebiscites approved his decisions but no alternatives were offered -
Battle of Trafalgar
• Fought by the Royal Navy
* Between French and Spanish navies -
Battle of Austerlitz
• Resultd in the Treay of Pressburg
• Led to the end of the Third Coalition -
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The Spanish War for Independence
• Not even Napoleon was able to quell the Spanish with the help of the French armies
• Nationalsim had begun in Spain
• Spanish Church spead anti-french propaganda -
Napoleon introduces the heirarchy of noble titles
• Claims that titles can be inherited but had to be supported by wealth
• Nobles must hold a certain amount of money to be each type of title
• He also gave his favorite generals huge fortunes -
Battle of Borodino
• Occurred in Moscow
• Lead by Napoleon
• 30,000 French men were killed
• Russia lost 45,000 -
Invasion of Russia
• Napoleon invaded Russia and engaged in the battle of Borodino
• Napoleon had difficulty getting the Russians to fight since they kept retreating
• Russians burned down Moscow -
Napoleon's Empire at its peak
• Napoleon had at least some control over almost all of Westen Europe
• It lead to the result of nationalism and people considering themselves for example Italian or Spanish -
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Congress of Vienna
• Conference of ambassadors of European states
• Was meant to setting issues that arose from the French Revolutionary Wars and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire -
Napoleon defeated at waterloo
• At the Battle of Waterloo
• Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena
