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Hudson Bay Company was Granted to Monopoly on all Fur Trading around the Hudson Bay
King Charles II of England granted the Hudson Bay Company (HBC) monopoly on all fur trading around the Hudson Bay. HBC controlled Rupert's Land from 1670 to 1869. -
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7 Year's War
A war between Britain and France. The commanders for the British and French were James Wolfe and Montcalm respectively. -
The Treaty of Paris
The treaty that was signed by Britain, France and many other European countries besides that ended the 7 Year's War. France was able to keep 2 small islands off of Newfoundland. -
Royal Proclamation
The proclamation required that all French speakers in Canada were to adopt and follow British traditions and culture. -
Stamp Act
The act was a direct tax imposed by the British Parliament on the BNA colonies. It was made so that Britain could replenish it's wealth after the 7 Year's War. This however led to discontent in Canada. -
Repeal of the Stamp Act
The act was repealed a year later. -
Quebec Act
The act allowed the French Canadiens to maintain their French culture and character. This was to maintain the Canadiens loyalty to Britain, as well as for fur trades and strengthening the British Empire. -
Loyalist Migration
During the American Revolution, the people who supported Britian were known as Loyalists. After the war, the Patriots, ones who supported American independance, saw the Loyalists as traitors and forced them out of the country. -
Treaty of Paris
Ended American Revolution due to Britain surrendering the lands south of the Great Lakes. The land was known as the Thirteen Colonies. -
Constitutional Act
Canada was split into Upper and Lower Canada. The Upper part was mainly English, while the Lower was mainly French. Both have representative vote, meaning that each part would be able to voice their own concerns. -
First Group of Lord Selkirk's Settler's
Arrived at York Factory and moved down to Red River, but the settlers arrived too late, and could not grow crops. The Natives and Metis helped them. -
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War of 1812
Fought between Brtiain with Canada and America. Although there was no winner in the war, the losers were definitely the Natives. -
Second Group of Lord Selkirk's Settlers
Also underwent the same hardships as the first group. -
Pemmican Proclamation
The proclamation stated that no food could be brought out of Assiniboia without any license. This affected the Metis, as pemmican was a major trade item. They felt that the governor had to right to impose this proclamation and thus attacked Fort Douglas, causing the settlers to flee. This also led to the Seven Oaks Incident, which happened a year later. -
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Great Migration
As many as 800,000 immigrants from Europe (Mostly Irish) came to Canada. The reason for so many Irish immigrants was because of the potato famine going on in Ireland. -
Battle at Seven Oaks
The Metis fought the settlers at Seven Oaks and won. However, Selkirk brought 90 Swiss/German soldiers to regain control. In the end, the HBC and the NWC united, and the settlers wanted to come back again. -
Act of Union
The Act of Union was proclaimed in 1841, and recommended in uniting the two Canadas (East and West) and granted a responsible government to the British North American Colonies. Created the United Province of Canada and helped to expand industries in Canada. -
The Birth of Louis Riel
The great leader of the Metis, Louis Riel is born. He would soon become the leader of the Red River Rebellion. -
Repeal of the Corn Laws
The bill guaranteed that no cheap "wheat" (corn) would be imported. Due to this, farmers in the BNA could not compete with the British farmers and thus had to abandon their farms and move south to US. Also helped with Confederation, because Confederation guarantees that there will be free trade among the colonies. -
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Responsible Government to all Atlantic Colonies
Exact dates unknown, however we do know that the responsible government has been granted to all of the Atlantic colonies. -
Fugitive Act
The Fugitive slave act banned the helping of African slaves and that all runaway slaves must be brought back to their masters. -
Reciprocity Treaty
Free trade between the US and the BNA colonies. Eliminated customs tariff. Was in effect from 1854 to 1865. -
Grand Trunnk Railway
A railway between Toronto and Montreal, and allowed for transportaion and trade. -
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Charlottetown Conference
The conference was held in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. The topic was whether or not BNA should join colonies to unite as one nation. Representatives from New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and host PEI met to discuss the idea of Confederation. The topic was further discussed in a later conference. -
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Quebec Conference
This time, Newfoundland joined the conference, and the actual conference itself was more serious than the Charlottetown Conference. The goal was to work out all the possible details for Confederation. The conclusion was that the time was not right for PEI to join, and the remaining colonies drew up the 72 Resolutions. -
End of Reciprocity Treaty
The Americans ended the treaty because they felt that Canada was the only nation benefiring, and were also angry at Britain for supporting the south during the American Civil War. The end of this treaty made the BNA colonies think of Confederation for free trade. -
Fenian Annexation Bill
The Bill was proposed to the House of Commons, but was not pased. -
Purchase of Alaska
The US purchases Alaska for 7.2 million dollars, and Canada now fears US will take over the territiories. -
Confederation
Confederation finally happened. The BNA colonies united and became one nation. -
McDougall
McDougall appointed as governor, but was blocked by Metis. -
Purchase of Rupert's Land
Rupert's Land has been purchased by Canada from the HBC and NWT. -
Upper Fort Garry
Metis seize Upper Fort Garry. -
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Red River Rebellion
Rebellion on the Red River led by Louis Riel. He later fled as a result of his rebellion failing. -
Manitoba Act
This act named the Red River and its surroundings Manitoba. The Act guarantees that the Metis would keep the land that they already farmed and recieve titles for their land. -
Pacific Scandal
The Pacific Scandal was John A. MacDonald, Canada's first Prime Minister accepting a bribe of $360 000 from Sir Hugh Allan in order to fund his campaign. The discovery of this led to MacDonald resigning. -
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Rebellion 1873-1874
A rebellion caused by discontent of the governement, and for the allowance of responsible government. The political system was called an obligarchy, a system which the government is ruled by few people or family and friends. -
Cypress Hill Massacre
The massacre was when a group of American wolf hunters lost a couple of horses. They attacked a nearby camp in Assiniboine,and due to a misunderstanding, killed many people. This was one of the main reasons why the NorthWest Mounted police was even made in the first place. -
Indian Act
The act states that only full-blodded Native (no Metis) would benefit from the act. The people living in the reserves could not vote or drink alcohol. Also, if a Native woman marries a white man, she will lose her status, but the man gains it. And lastly, a Native could only vote if they gave up Indian status. -
Completion of CPR
The CPR (Canadian Pacific Railway) was completed, and Canada was now united by a railway. Donald Smith, the primary source of funding for the CPR drove the last spike.
