-
George Washington: Judiciary Act
As following the Judiciary act, John Jay was elected along with 5 associates, James, William, John, John Rutledge and James Iredell by Washington. -
Period: to
George Washington
Hes from Westmoreland VA.
Minimal formal education (local school in Virginia)
Was the Major General and Commander in Chief of the Continental Army
Augustine Washington,
Mary Bell Washington, Siblings: Lawrence, John Augustine, Mildred, Betty, Samuel, Charles, Jane, Butler, Augustine Jr. Whiskey Rebellion, Judiciary Act, established his first bank, set up his own presidential cabinet. and, he singed the copyrights law.
Naval Act, Slave trade act; 1794, Slave act; 1793, Naturalization, Tennessee. -
George Washington: Copyrights law
This law was used to control ownership, use and distribution of creative and expressed work. -
The Bank of Washington
George established his first national bank of Washington in Washington DC. This is important because this leads to bank failure and acquired the Riggs bank. -
George Washington: Presidents Cabinet.
George developed the Cabinet system by asking the heads of 3 executive departments to discuss importance & report on their departments work. -
George Washington 2.0: Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
Provided for seizure and return of runaway slaves who escaped from one state or into a federal territory, -
George Washington: Whiskey rebellion
Farmers rose up from Pennsylvania to protest against unfair taxation. This is important because they ended up approving a new federal tax on spirits and the stills producing them. -
George Washington 2.0: Slave Trade Act of 1794
prohibited exporting slaves from the US to any foreign place or country. -
George Washington 2.0; Naval Act
This was important because it introduced the US Navy (6frigates, 4 of 44 guns, & 2 of 36 guns to be built or purchased.) -
George Washington 2.0: Naturalization Act of 1795
Established rules to be followed granting national citizenship -
George Washington 2.0: Tennessee
Washington signed a bill giving Tennessee immediate statehood which is important because they're the 16th to join the US -
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John Adams
From Braintree, MA
Was a Harvard-educated lawyer.
Head of the war in Ordnance Board.
1. Delegate to the Continental congress. 2. US minister to the Netherlands. 3. US minister to Great Britain. 4. Vice President of the United States
Abigail Addams
John Quincy, Charles, Thomas, Susanna, Abigail Smith. Negotiating with France, making a malitia, 11th amendment, Mississippi territory, preparing for war, Alien Act, Victory against France, Treaty of Amity, Washington becomes Capital. -
John Adams; Negotiating with France.
Adams appoints a 3 man commission; Charles Pinckney, Elbridge Gerry, and John Marshall. It was important because they negotiated to make a settlement with France. -
John Adams; Making a Malitia
Adams is authorized by congress to raise a malitia of 80,000 men for defensive purposes in case of war. -
John Adams; 11th amendment
11th amendment was declared by Adams; federal courts shall not have the jurisdiction over litigation from on from one state and one from another state. -
John Adams; Mississippi territory
Congress establishes the gov. for the new Mississippi territory, Adams appoints native Winthrop Sergeant as governor and selects Natchez to serve at its first capital. -
John Adams; Alien Act
Granting the president power to deport any alien he deemed potentially dangerous of the country's safety. -
John Adams; preparing for war
Adams enlists 10,000 men for service in case of declaration of war/ invasion. -
John Adams; Victory against France.
The US Navy scores its first victory against France when the frigate Constellation captures the French ship L'Insurgente near the island of St. Kitts. -
John Adams; Treaty of Amity
US concludes a treaty between the US and Prussia in Berlin -
John Adams; Washington becomes Capital.
Washington becomes the official capital of the US where Adams moved into in November -
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Thomas Jefferson
Born in Shadwell, VA
The College of William & Mary
Was a colonel in Virginia Malitia
Vice president, US secretary, US Ambassador of France, delegate, Governor.
Wife: Martha. Kids: Martha, Madison, Harriet, Eston, Beverly, Mary, Lucy, Lucy II, & Jane
Excise taxes repealed, Enabling Act, Ohio, Louisiana Purchase, 12th amendment
British seize ships, Lewis & Clark, National Road, Embargo Act. -
Excise Taxes are repealed
Infamous excise taxes on commodities such as whiskey are repealed. -
Enabling Act
establishing procedures under which territories organized under the Ordinance of 1787 can become a state. The law effectively authorizes people of the Ohio territory to hold a convention and frame a constitution. -
Ohio
Ohio officially becomes the seventeenth state of the Union. It is the first state to prohibit slavery by law at its inception. -
Louisiana Purchase
representatives from the United States and France signed the Louisiana Purchase Treaty. The terms of the agreement gave all of the Louisiana territory from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains to the United States. -
12th amendment
Motivated by the infamous election of 1800, Congress passes the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution, requiring electors to vote for President and vice president separately. This ends the tradition of the runner up in a presidential race becoming vice president and prevents chances for a deadlock tie. -
British seize ships
The British justify seizure of American ships in neutral ports with the invocation of the Rule of 1756. -
Lewis and Clark
Lewis and Clark reach the Pacific after a perilous journey of nearly eighteen months and 4,000 miles. They arrived back in St. Louis two-and-a-half years after they began their expedition to explore the Louisiana Territory and the Pacific Northwest. -
Embargo Act
modified and authorized by President Jefferson, now permits vessels to transport American goods from foreign ports. -
Period: to
James Madison
1.Birthplace: Port Conway, Virginia
2.Education: College of New Jersey
3.Military Service: None
4.Previous Offices: Secretary of State under Thomas Jefferson
5.Family: Married to Dolley Madison, no children of his own
6. Father of the Constitution author of the Bill of Rights, and led the nation during the war of 1812 -
Erskine Agreement
Madison issues a proclamation (revoking the embargo on Britain, effective June 10.) On March 25, however, the American envoy in Britain learns that British foreign secretary Canning has canceled the Erskine Agreement -
Trade Wars
Madison accepts a French offer to stop confiscation of American supplies and ships. In February 1811, he declares a halt in trade with Britain unless the Orders are repealed. -
Battle of Tippecanoe
General William Henry Harrison carriers out a pre-emptive strike on Tecumseh. On December 18, Madison proclaims the Battle of Tippecanoe a victory that will restore peace to the northwestern frontier. -
Declaration of War
Madison issues a declaration of war against Britain making the United States faces dire economic and military straits at the war's outset. -
Surrender of Detroit
Governor and general gives up his attack on Fort Malden and surrenders Detroit to British forces on August 16 without firing a shot. -
Amendment for National Bank
James Jackson of Virginia introduces a constitutional amendment in the House authorizing the establishment of a national bank, but Congress postpones consideration. -
British Burn Washington
British Troops Set Fire to White House. The war began after President Madison requested a declaration of war from Congress to protect American ships on the open seas and to try to stop the British practice of impressments, the seizure of U.S. sailors for service in Britain's Navy. -
End of the war of 1812
On February 15, Congress appropriates $500,000 for the reconstruction of federal buildings. The Senate ratifies the Treaty of Ghent on February 16. -
Indiana becomes a State
Madison signs a bill admitting Indiana to statehood. -
Period: to
James Monroe
1.Birthplace:Westmoreland County, Virginia
2.Education: College of William and Mary
3.Military Service: Revolutionary War Service
4.Previous Offices: Secretary of State, Secretary of War , Governor of Virginia
5.Family: Married to Elizabeth Monroe, three children
6.Issued the Monroe Doctrine, acquired Florida from Spain, oversaw the Era of good Feelings -
Admission of new States
Nations territory including Mississippi, Maine, Illinoi, Alabama, Missouri became states -
Jackson, Florida and Spain
Following protests from the ministers of Britain, Spain, and France, Monroe concedes that Jackson's behavior in Pensacola amounted to acts of war. Despite his concession, Monroe recognizes that Jackson's activities in Florida provide the United States with a favorable strategic position for negotiations with Spain. -
Missouri Compromise
Addresses congressional jurisdiction over the conditions of statehood. In February 1821, Congress admits Maine and Missouri as states, formalizing the Missouri Compromise. Henry Clay, “the Great Pacificator,” is by and large the architect of the Compromise. -
Military establishment Act
Monroe signs the Military Establishment Act, forwarded by Secretary of War Calhoun, to reduce the Army's manpower by 40 percent to 6,126 men. -
Monroe Doctrine
Presidents invoked the Monroe Doctrine in order to justify a number of actions, whether to limit the influence of a European power in Latin America, or to attempt to affect political outcomes within the Latin American states themselves -
Period: to
John Quincy Addams
1.Birthplace: Braintree, Massachusetts(Quincy)
2.Education: Harvard University
3.Military service: None
4.Previous Offices: secretary of state under James Monroe, Minister to Russia, Minister to the Netherlands, U.S Senator
5.Family: Married to Louisa Adams, four children
6.Negotiated treaty of Ghent which ended war of 1812 -
Corrupt Bargain
In what Jackson proponents denounce as the “corrupt bargain,” Speaker Henry Clay resolves to throw his votes behind Adams, presumably, to secure the helm of the State -
Erie Canal Completed
The first passage on the 363 mile-long Erie Canal is completed from Lake Erie to New York City, linking the Atlantic and trans-Atlantic marketplaces with growing agricultural production in the Northwest states. -
MFN trade system
Additional European states are incorporated into the MFN trade system, the pre-conditions of commercial growth being neutral rights,' which began in April 1826. -
Proposed sale of U.S. Bank Stock
Nicholas Biddle of the Bank of the United States implements the sale of government securities to curtail the outward flow of specie. This policy results in propositions by Congress for the public sale of United States Bank stock. -
Tariff of Abomination
The plan calls for incredibly high tariffs on raw materials to accommodate Western interests and on British woolens to appease New England interests. The bill's passage effectively ends Adams's hopes for reelection and increases support for Jackson who appears as a free-trade advocate to the South and a protectionist to the North -
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Andrew Jackson
Born in Waxhaw's
Sporadic education but went read law to become a lawyer
Major general in US army
Representative, Senator, Federal Military commissioner
Wife: Rachel Jackson. Kids: Lyncoya, Andrew Jr., Andrew Hutchings.
Indian Removal Act, Jackson vetoes Maysville Road Bill, Peggy Eaton Affair, Jackson opposes Second Bank of the US, Jackson wins reelections, Nullification Proclamation, Force Bill, declare independence, -
Andrew Jackson; Indian Removal Act
The forcible relocation of Creek, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Choctaw, and Seminole tribes to land allotments west of the Mississippi river onto reservations. -
Jackson Vetoes Maysville Road Bill
the federal government's purchase of stock for the creation of a road entirely within Kentucky. its important because it indicates a shift in how the federal government intends to pay for internal improvements. Meanwhile, opponents interpret the move as an abuse of power. -
Jackson; Peggy Eaton Affair
Members of Jackson's inner circle and their wives feud over accusations about the woman's alleged behavior. Jackson supports the Eatons and is outraged by the charges. -
Jackson opposes Second bank of the US
The Second Bank of the United States was created in the aftermath of the War of 1812. -
Jackson wins reelections
Jackson wins reelection to the presidency, soundly defeating Henry Clay and William Wirt -
Andrew Jackson; Nullification Proclamation
states and municipalities are forbidden from nullifying federal laws. He also threatened to enforce the proclamation with the use of federal arms. He believed the federal government was the supreme power in the United States and he was willing to use the military to ensure its supremacy. -
Jackson's Force Bill
Congress passes the Force Bill, authorizing Jackson's use of the army to gain compliance for federal law in South Carolina. Vice President Calhoun voices his dissent. -
Jackson declares independence
In Washington, D.C., the delegates of the people of Texas officially and unanimously declare their independence. -
Period: to
Martin Van Buren
Birthplace: Kinderhook, New York
Education: No formal education, studied law 3.Military Service: None 4.Previous Offices: Vice President under Andrew Jackson, Governor of New York 5.Family: Married to Hannah Van Buren four children 6.Established the Democratic Party's modern organizational structure -
The Panic of 1837
The Panic of 1837 begins in New York when banks first suspend payments of specie. Following the collapse of credit facility, banks can no longer redeem currency notes in gold and silver. A depression in England causes the price of cotton to drop and ends British loans to the United States. -
Van Buren remains neutral
Van Buren criticizes the British but maintains a neutral stance in the conflict. While Van Buren's peace appeals to the invading partisans and enjoys initial success, vehicles, and supplies flowing illegally across the border -- fails to deter additional incursions. Rebel assistance by secret rebel societies will continue in Detroit, Cleveland, and along the New York and Vermont borders. -
Ending the Aroostook War
A treaty ending the Aroostook War, which begins in 1838, is signed between the United States and Canada -
Seizing the Amistad Case
a mutinous slave ship, and brings the captives to a jail in New Haven, Connecticut. West African slaves had taken over the Cuban ship, traveling from one Cuban port to another, and sail up the United States coastline. The United States would uphold its obligations under the Treaty of 1795, whereby ships stranded abroad remain under the jurisdiction of the originating nation. -
Independent Treasury Act
By signing the Independent Treasury Act, Van Buren “divorces” the federal Treasury Department from its relationship with all banks -
Period: to
William Henry Harrison
MAR 4, 1839 – APR 4, 1845
William Henry Harrison
1.Birthplace:Charles City County, Virginia
2.Education:attended Hampden-Sydney college
3.Military Service: Served as a general in the war of 1812
4:Previous Offices: Governor of Indiana Territory
5.Family:Married to Anna Tuthill
6.Led US Forces in the battle of Tippecanoe -
Harrison dies of pneumonia
Harrison dies of pneumonia only one month after his inauguration, making him the first President to die while in office. -
Period: to
John Tyler
1.Birthplace: Charles City County, Virginia
2.Education: College of William and Mary
3.Military Service: Served in the Virginia militia during the war of 1812
4:Previous Offices: Governor of Virginia, U.S. Congressman
5.Family:Married twice, 7 children
6.annexed texas to the U.S -
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
The signing of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty normalizes U.S.-British relations by adjusting the Maine-Brunswick border, settling boundary issues around western Lake Superior, and resurveying numerous smaller borders. -
The Democrats gain majority
In the congressional elections, the Democrats gain a majority over the Whigs in the House of Representatives, while at the same time defending their majority in the Senate. -
President Tyler Signs Joint Resolution for Texas Annexation
The resolution called for Texas to enter the United States directly as a state, with its boundaries to be determined after annexation. Under the new resolution, the United States would not assume the Republic of Texas's sizable debt, but the new state would be allowed to keep its vast public lands -
First telegraph line completed
The first telegraph line in the United States is completed between Washington, D.C., and Baltimore. -
James K. Polk elected
James K. Polk is elected as the eleventh President of the United States on promises to “re-annex” Texas and “re-occupy” Oregon. -
Period: to
James K. Polk
1.Birthplace: Pineville, North Carolina
2.Education: University of North
3.Military Service: None
4:Previous Offices: U.S congressman, Governor of Tennessee
5.Family: Married to Sarah Childress Polk, no children
6.Led nation during the Mexican-American War, expanded U.S. territory -
Mexican American War
Congress declares war on Mexico after American troops, under General Zachary Taylor, clash with Mexican troops on the north bank of the Rio Grande. -
The Oregon Treaty
The Oregon Treaty establishes the 49th parallel as the border between British and American claims to the Oregon Territory, granting the United States clear title to present-day Idaho, Washington, Oregon, and Montana, while granting to Britain territory above the 49th parallel and full control over Vancouver Island. -
Gold discovered in California
James Marshall discovers gold near Sacramento, California. The discovery begins the massive migrations of the California gold rush, allowing the territory to become a state and setting off fierce debates over whether to admit California as a free or slave state. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends the Mexican War and grants the United States vast territories, including all or large parts of present-day California, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming, and confirms the incorporation of Texas as part of the United States. The acquisition of these lands aggravates growing sectionalism in the country over the future of slavery in the Union. -
Period: to
Zachary Taylor
1.Birthplace: Barboursville, Virginia
2.Education: No formal education
3.Military Service: served as a career officer in the U.S army
4:Previous Offices: None
5.Family: married to Margaret Mackall Smith Taylor with 6 children
6.Led U.S forces in several key battles during the Mexicn-American War -
Compromise of 1850
Congress debates solutions to the issue of slavery's possible expansion into the territories won in the Mexican War. -
Zachary Taylor dies
Zachary Taylor dies of “cholera morbus,” making him the second President to die in office and vaulting Vice President Millard Fillmore into the White House. -
Period: to
Millard Fillmore
1.Birthplace:Summerhill, New York
2.Education: largely self-taught
3.Military Service: New York militia guard as captain
4:Previous Offices: representative, NY state comptroller, Vice President
5.Wife: Abigail, Caroline. Kids: Millard Powers, Mary Abigail -
Compromise of 1850
Fillmore announces his support of the compromise. He sends a message to Congress recommending that (1) Texas be paid to abandon claims to part of New Mexico and (2) that the Wilmot Proviso, which states that all land acquired from the Mexican War be closed to slavery, be overturned. -
Fugitive Slave Act
On September 18, 1850, President Millard Fillmore signed into law the Fugitive Slave Act, which enacted strict provisions for returning runaway slaves to their owners. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin published
Coupled with Northern anger over the Fugitive Slave Bill, this book generates more support for abolitionist causes. Years later, President Abraham Lincoln will call Stowe “the little lady who caused the Civil War.” -
Gold discovered in Oregon
Gold is found in Oregon along the Rogue River, a prospective new territory for the California gold rushers of 1849. The discovery leads to the arrival of thousands of individuals in search of the metal. -
Whigs nominate General Winfield Scott
The Whig National Convention nominates General Winfield Scott of New Jersey for the presidency and William Graham of North Carolina for the vice presidency. -
Period: to
Franklin Pierce
1.Birthplace:Hillsborough, NH
2.Education:Phillips Exeter Academy, Bowdoin college, Northampton Law School.
3.Military Service: brigade commander in General Winfield Scotts army.
4:Previous Offices: NH State representative, speaker of house, Senator of NH,
5. Wife: Jane. Kids: Franklin Robert, Benjamin, Franklin Pierce Jr. -
Gadsden Purchase
The Gadsden Purchase, negotiated by James Gadsden, U.S. minister to Mexico, is signed. At the cost of $15 million, the United States acquires more than 29,600 square miles of new territory in southwest Arizona and New Mexico. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
On May 30, 1854, President Franklin Pierce signed the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which was designed to solve the issue of expanding slavery into the territories. However, it failed miserably; the Kansas-Nebraska Act was one of the key political events that led to the American Civil War. -
Canadian Reciprocity Treaty
The Canadian Reciprocity Treaty opens the U.S. market to Canadian agricultural products, including timber and fish. In return, the United States gets new commercial rights in Canadian waters and on the Great Lakes. -
Ostend Manifesto
Suggests that the United States threaten to invade Cuba if Spain is not willing to sell the island to the United States. -
State of Disunion Convention
The State of Disunion Convention, contemplating the peaceful separation of North and South, is held in Worcester, Massachusetts. The Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Society supports this gathering. William Lloyd Garrison delivers a speech avowing “No union with slaveholders.” -
Period: to
James Butchanan
Born: Cove Gap, PA
Dickenson college
Served in a unit during war of 1812
Representative, Minister, Senator, Secretary, Ambassador,
No wife or children -
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Abraham Lincoln
Larue County, KY
Self taught and never went to college.
Served as a volunteer in the Illinois Militia.
Illinois state representative, US president
Wife: Mary Todd Lincoln. Kids: Robert, Tad, William Wallace, Edward Baker. -
Period: to
Andrew Johnson
Born Raleigh, NC
Never attended school but served in the US army during the Civil War.
He was senator, Representative, Governor, Vice President,
Wife: Eliza McCardle , Johnson. Kids: Martha, Robert, Mary, Charles, Andrew. -
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Ulysses S. Grant
Born: Point Pleasant, OH
Attended Military Academy at West Point.
He commanded colonel of the 21st Illinois volunteering regiment.
Was a commanding general of the US army, & Secretary of war.
Wife: Julia Dent Grant. Kids: Fredrick, Ulysses S. Grant Jr., Nellie, Jesse. -
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Rutherford B. Hayes.
Born: Delaware, OH
Attended Harvard law school, Harvard University, & Kenyon college.
During the Civil War, he was in the 23rd Ohio Infantry
Was representative, & governor
Wife: Lucy Webb Hayes. Kids: Manning, Fanny, Webb, Joseph, Birchard, Scott, Rutherford P. Hayes, George Crook. -
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James A. Garfield
Birthplace: Orange Township, Ohio, U.S.
Education: Attended Williams College & studied law.
Military Service: Served in the Union Army during the Civil War, rising to the rank of Major General.
Previous Offices: Member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1863-1880).
Family: Married to Lucretia Rudolph Garfield, had seven children.
Post-Presidency: Garfield's presidency was cut short due to his assassination. He was known for his advocacy of civil rights for African Americans. -
Period: to
Chester A. Arthur
Birthplace: Fairfield, Vermont, U.S.
Education: Attended Union College and studied law.
Military Service: Arthur did not serve in the military.
Previous Offices: Collector of the Port of New York (1871-1878).
Family: Married to Ellen Lewis Herndon Arthur, had three children.
Post-Presidency: After leaving office, Arthur returned to private life. He was involved in various civic and social organizations. -
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Grover Cleveland
Birthplace: Caldwell, New Jersey, U.S.
Education: Self-educated, with limited formal education.
Military Service: none.
Previous Offices: Mayor of Buffalo, New York (1882), Governor of New York (1883-1885).
Family: Married to Frances Folsom Cleveland, had five children.
Post-Presidency: After his first term, Cleveland returned to private law practice in NYC. He remained active in Democratic politics and was re-elected for a second non-consecutive term as president. -
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Benjamin Harrison
Education: Attended Miami University and studied law.
Military Service: Harrison served as a Brigadier General in the Union Army during the Civil War.
Previous Offices: U.S. Senate (1881-1887).
Family: Married to Caroline Scott Harrison, had two children.
Post-Presidency: After leaving office, Harrison returned to Indianapolis and resumed his law practice. -
Period: to
Grover Cleveland 2nd term
Birthplace: Caldwell, New Jersey, U.S.
Education: Self-educated, with limited formal education.
Military Service: none.
Previous Offices: Mayor of Buffalo, New York (1882), Governor of New York (1883-1885).
Family: Married to Frances Folsom Cleveland, had five children.
Post-Presidency: After his second term, Cleveland retired to Princeton, New Jersey, where he remained active in public affairs and writing.
2nd term -
Period: to
William McKinley
Birthplace: Niles, Ohio, U.S.
Education: Attended Allegheny College & studied law.
Military Service: served as a Brevet Major in the Union Army during the Civil War.
Previous Offices: Governor of Ohio (1892-1896).
Family: Married to Ida Saxton McKinley, had two daughters.
Post-Presidency: McKinley's presidency was tragically cut short by his assassination in 1901. Before his presidency, he was known for his leadership during the Spanish-American War. -
Period: to
Theodore Roosevelt
Birthplace: New York City, U.S.
Education: Harvard College.
Military Service: Assistant Secretary of the Navy and later as Colonel of the Rough Riders during the Spanish-American War.
Previous Offices: Governor of New York (1899-1900), Vice President of the U.S. (1901).
Family: Married twice, had six children.
Post-Presidency: After leaving office, Roosevelt embarked on a safari in Africa and later embarked on a tour of Europe. He remained active in politics and ran for president again in 1912. -
Period: to
William Howard taft
Birthplace: Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.
Education: Graduated from Yale College & studied law at the University of Cincinnati.
Military Service: none.
Previous Offices: Solicitor General of the U.S., Judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, Governor-General of the Philippines, Secretary of War.
Family: Married to Helen Herron Taft, had three children.
Post-Presidency: After leaving office, Taft became a professor of law and served as Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court -
Period: to
Woodrow Wilson
Birthplace: Staunton, Virginia, U.S.
Education: Princeton University and earned a Ph.D. in Political Science from Johns Hopkins University.
Military Service: none.
Previous Offices: President of Princeton University, Governor of New Jersey.
Family: Married twice, three children.
Post-Presidency: Wilson remained active in public affairs after leaving office. He advocated for the League of Nations but faced opposition from the U.S. Senate in ratifying the Treaty of Versailles. -
Lusitania Sinking
Wilson faced tensions after the British passenger ship Lusitania was sunk -
Zimmermann Telegram
Wilson's administration intercepted the Zimmermann Telegram prompting U.S. entry into World War I. -
Declaration of War
Wilson delivered a speech to Congress, requesting a declaration of war against Germany. -
League of Nations
Wilson played a role in the establishment of the League of Nations by promoting peace -
Treaty of Versailles
Wilson participated in negotiations for the Treaty of Versailles, which ended WWI and established the League of Nations -
Harding's Inauguration
Warren G. Harding was inaugurated as the 29th President of the United States on March 4, 1921, -
Period: to
Warren G Harding
Birthplace: Blooming Grove, Ohio, U.S.
Education: Attended Ohio Central College but did not graduate.
Military Service: none.
Previous Offices: Lieutenant Governor of Ohio, U.S. Senate.
Family: Married to Florence Kling Harding, had no children.
Post-Presidency: Harding's presidency was marred by scandal, including the Teapot Dome scandal. He died suddenly in office in 1923. -
Period: to
Calvin Coolidge
Birthplace: Plymouth Notch, Vermont, U.S.
Education: Graduated from Amherst College and studied law.
Military Service: none.
Previous Offices: Mayor of Northampton, Massachusetts (1910-1911), Governor of Massachusetts (1919-1921).
Family: Married to Grace Goodhue Coolidge, had two sons.
Post-Presidency: Coolidge retired to private life after leaving office. He wrote his autobiography and engaged in various speaking engagements. -
Period: to
Herbert Hoover
Birthplace: West Branch, Iowa, U.S.
Education: graduated Stanford University with a degree in geology.
Military Service: none.
Previous Offices: Secretary of Commerce (1921-1928).
Family: Married to Lou Henry Hoover, had two sons.
Post-Presidency: He was involved in humanitarian efforts, including coordinating relief efforts during WWII and serving as an advisor to subsequent presidents. -
FDR Repeal of Prohibition
Roosevelt signed the Twenty-first Amendment, repealing Prohibition. -
Period: to
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Birthplace: Hyde Park, New York, U.S.
Education: Graduated from Harvard College and attended Columbia Law School.
Military Service: A Commander-in-Chief during World War II.
Previous Offices: Governor of New York (1929-1932).
Family: Married to Eleanor Roosevelt, had six children.
Post-Presidency: His New Deal policies reshaped the American government and economy. His wife Eleanor Roosevelt, continued to be an influential figure in American politics and international affairs after his death. -
Social Security Act
Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act into law, establishing benefits for old-age and unemployment insurance. -
Court-Packing Plan
Roosevelt proposed a plan to expand the number of justices on the Supreme Court -
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Roosevelt led the nation to the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese, which was the start of WWII. -
Lend-Lease Act
Roosevelt signed the Lend-Lease Act into law, providing military aid during World War II. -
D-Day
Roosevelt ordered the Allied invasion of Normandy, France, marking a significant turning point in World War II. -
Period: to
Harry S Truman
Birthplace: Lamar, Missouri, U.S.
Education: Attended business college and law school but did not earn a degree.
Military Service: Truman served in the U.S. Army during World War I, rising to the rank of Captain. He later served as a Colonel in the Army Reserve during World War II.
Previous Offices: U.S. Senate, Vice President of the U.S.
Family: Married to Bess Truman, had one daughter.
Post-Presidency: After leaving office, Truman returned to Independence, Missouri, and wrote his memoirs. -
Period: to
Dwight D Eisenhower
Birthplace:Denison, Texas, U.S.
Education:U.S. Military Academy at West Point.
Military Service: served as a five-star general in the U.S. Army during WWII, commanding Allied forces in Europe.
Previous Offices: Supreme Commander, Expeditionary Force, U.S. Army, President of Columbia University.
Family: Married to Mamie Eisenhower, had two sons.
Post-Presidency: Eisenhower retired & remained active in public life, advising subsequent presidents and participating in various philanthropic efforts. -
End of the Korean War
Eisenhower oversaw the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement, ending the Korean War -
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
Eisenhower initiated the formation of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization to counter communist -
Eisenhower Doctrine
announced the Eisenhower Doctrine, pledging U.S. economic and military assistance to Middle Eastern countries -
Sputnik Launch
responded to the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik by increasing investment in science, technology, and education -
U-2 Incident
Eisenhower dealt with the fallout from the U-2 Incident -
Period: to
John F Kennedy
Birthplace: Brookline, Massachusetts, U.S.
Education: Harvard College, Stanford Graduate School of Business and Harvard Law School.
Military Service: U.S. Navy during WWII, commanding PT-109, and U.S. Senate.
Previous Offices: U.S. House of Representatives, U.S. Senate.
Family: Married to Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, 2 children.
Post-Presidency: presidency was tragically cut short by his assassination. His family continued to be prominent figures in American public life after his death. -
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Lyndon B Johnson
Birthplace: Stonewall, Texas, U.S.
Education:Southwest Texas State Teachers College (Texas State University).
Military Service: U.S. Navy during WWII.
Previous Offices: U.S. House of Representatives, U.S. Senate, Vice President of the U.S.
Family: Married Lady Bird Johnson, had two daughters.
Post-Presidency: Johnson retired to his ranch in Texas & remained active in public life, advocating for civil rights and other causes. -
Civil Rights Act
President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law on July 2, 1964, prohibiting discrimination -
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Richard Nixon
Birthplace: Yorba Linda, California, U.S.
Education: Whittier College & Duke University School of Law.
Military Service: U.S. Navy during WWII.
Previous Offices: U.S. House of Representatives, U.S. Senate, Vice President of the U.S.
Family: Married to Pat Nixon, had two daughters.
Post-Presidency: Nixon's presidency ended in resignation amid the Watergate scandal in 1974. After leaving office he wrote several books on foreign policy and his experiences in politics. -
Apollo 11 Moon Landing
President Nixon witnessed the historic Apollo 11 moon landing on July 20, 1969, -
Nixon's Resignation
Gerald Ford assumed the presidency following Richard Nixon's resignation on August 9, 1974, becoming the first and only U.S. president -
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Gerald Ford
Birthplace: Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.
Education: Graduated University of Michigan and Yale Law School.
Military Service: Ford served in the U.S. Navy during WWII.
Previous Offices: U.S. House of Representatives, Vice President of the U.S.
Family: Married to Betty Ford, had four children.
Post-Presidency: After leaving office, Ford remained active in public life, participating in various speaking engagements and serving on several boards and commissions. -
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Jimmy Carter
Birthplace: Plains, Georgia, U.S.
Education: U.S. Naval Academy.
Military Service: served in the U.S. Navy, including as a submarine officer.
Previous Offices: Governor of Georgia
Family: Married to Rosalynn Carter, four kids
Post-Presidency: Carter remained active in public life through his work with the Clinton Foundation which focuses on humanitarian and democracy-building efforts worldwide. -
Carter opposes B-1 bomber
Carter announces opposition to production of the B-1 strategic bomber -
Camp David Accords
Carter mediates talks between Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel and President Anwar Sadat of Egypt at Camp David, resulting in a peace treaty between the two nations. -
President Attacked by Rabbit
President Carter claims a rabbit tried to attack him during a fishing trip in Georgia, and the Washington Post runs a front page story with the headline: “President Attacked by Rabbit.” -
A crisis of confidence
Carter delivers what becomes known as his “malaise speech,” blaming the problems of the nation on “a crisis of confidence.” -
Americans taken hostage in Tehran
In the longest hostage situation in recorded history, Iranian students take fifty-two American diplomats and citizens hostage for 444 days at the American embassy in Tehran. -
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Ronald Reagan
Birthplace: Tampico, Illinois, U.S.
Education: Graduated from Eureka College.
Military Service: U.S Army Reserve during WWII.
Previous Offices: Governor of California (1967-1975).
Family: Married to Nancy Reagan, had two children.
Post-Presidency: After leaving office, Reagan retired to California. He remained active in public life, advocating for various causes, including Alzheimer's disease awareness, after being diagnosed with the illness. -
Assasination attempt
Reagan survived an assassination attempt when he was shot by John Hinckley Jr -
Strategic Defense Initiative
Reagan announced the Strategic Defense Initiative proposing a missile defense system to protect the U.S. -
Grenada Invasion
Reagan ordered the invasion of Grenada to protect American citizens -
Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster
Reagan mourned the loss of seven astronauts in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster -
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George H. W. Bush
Birthplace: Milton, Massachusetts, U.S.
Education: Yale University.
Military Service: naval aviator in WWII.
Previous Offices: Vice President of the U.S. (1981-1989).
Family: Married to Barbara Bush, had six children.
Post-Presidency: After leaving office, Bush remained active in public life and philanthropy. Established the George Bush Presidential Library and Museum. -
Semi-Automatic Rifle Ban
The Bush administration, at the urging of federal drug czar, William Bennett, announces a temporary ban on the importation of semi-automatic rifles, a reversal of President Bush's earlier statements indicating that no restriction on these firearms would be enacted. -
Berlin Wall Falls
The Berlin Wall falls, marking the symbolic end of Communist rule in Eastern Europe -
Arms Reduction Agreement
President Bush and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev sign the broadest arms reduction agreement in two decades. The agreement stipulates that the United States and the Soviet Union scrap 25 percent and 40 percent of their respective nuclear stockpiles. -
Persian Gulf War Begins
The Persian Gulf War, code-named Operation Desert Storm, begins with a massive, American-led air attack on Iraq. -
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Bill Clinton
Birthplace: Hope, Arkansas, U.S.
Education: Georgetown University & Yale Law School.
Military Service: none.
Previous Offices: Governor of Arkansas
Family: Married to Hillary Clinton, has one daughter.
Post-Presidency: After leaving office, Clinton remained active in public life through his work with the Clinton Foundation, which focuses on various global issues, including health, education, and economic development. -
Bill Clinton: Family and Medical Leave Act
Clinton signed the Family and Medical Leave Act, which granted eligible employees unpaid leave -
Bill Clinton: NATO Intervention in Bosnia
Clinton gave permission for NATO to bomb Bosnian Serb targets to stop them from killing people because of their ethnicity and to keep civilians safe during the Bosnian War. -
Bill Clinton: Telecommunications Act
Clinton signed the Telecommunications Act of 1996, which deregulated the telecommunications industry -
Good Friday Agreement
A peace deal in Northern Ireland to end decades of conflict Clinton played a crucial role in -
Impeachment
Clinton became the second U.S. president to be impeached by the House of Representatives -
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George W. Bush
Birthplace: New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.
Education: Yale University & Harvard Business School.
Military Service: Texas Air National Guard.
Previous Offices: Governor of Texas
Family: Married to Laura Bush, has twin daughters.
Post-Presidency: Bush focused on writing, public speaking, and philanthropy. Established the George W. Bush Presidential Center. -
September 11 Terrorist Attacks
United States endured a deadly attack when terrorists hijacked four commercial planes and intentionally crashed them. The hijackers flew the first three planes into important targets: both towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon building in Washington, D.C. The fourth plane, which some speculated was headed for the White House, crashed in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. -
Operation “Enduring Freedom”
President George W. Bush announced that the United States had begun military action in Afghanistan. The military operation was code-named Enduring Freedom. -
Taking military action in Iraq
After months of debate in the United Nations Security Council, President Bush announces the U.S. intention to move against Iraq with its coalition of allies. Bush issues an ultimatum for military action, giving Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein and his sons forty-eight hours to leave Iraq. -
Hurricane Katrina strikes
Hurricane Katrina strikes the Gulf coast of the United States with devastating effects. The storm breaches the levee system in New Orleans, causing massive flooding and destruction of property. The Bush administration is harshly criticized for an inadequate response by the federal government to the storm’s destruction. -
Senate halts debate on same-sex marriage ban
The Senate votes 49-48 to conclude debate on a constitutional amendment banning same sex marriages in the United States, thereby preventing a vote on the actual passage of the amendment. President Bush had previously expressed support of the proposed amendment -
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Barak Obama
Birthplace: Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.
Education: Columbia University & Harvard Law School.
Military Service: none.
Previous Offices: U.S. Senate.
Family: Married to Michelle Obama, has two daughters.
Post-Presidency: He has focused on issues such as healthcare, climate change, and civic engagement through the Obama Foundation and other initiatives. -
Affordable Care Act
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, known as Obamacare, becomes law. This is the most significant regulatory makeover of the U.S. healthcare system since the 1960s. Under the new regulations, Obama sought to increase quality, affordability, and access to healthcare. -
Iranian sanctions
Obama signs an executive order that freezes the assets of the Iranian government held within the United States due to Iran engaging in what Obama called, “deceptive practices.” -
LGBT discrimination
Obama signs an executive order to protect the rights of LGBT employees in the workforce. This does not include an exemption for religious beliefs, which means people cannot discriminate based on their religious preference -
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Donald Trump
Birthplace: Queens, New York City, New York, U.S.
Education: Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
Military Service: none
Previous Offices: Trump's presidency was his first political office.
Family: Married three times, has five children.
Post-Presidency: After leaving office, Trump has remained active in politics, including endorsing candidates and considering potential future political endeavors. -
Travel Ban
President Trump signs an executive order that denies entry into the United States for people from Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen, and suspends the Refugee Admissions Policy for 120 days. -
Flynn pleads guilty
President Trump’s former National Security Adviser, Michael Flynn, pleads guilty to lying to the FBI. His guilty plea indicates that Flynn is cooperating with Robert Mueller’s investigation into the Trump administration’s dealings with Russia. -
Trump Impeached
The House of Representatives impeaches President Trump on two articles of impeachment: abuse of power (230-197) and obstruction of Congress (229-198). Trump becomes the third US president to be impeached (along with Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998). -
Unemployment hits 22 million
A month after much of the US economy shuts down to address the threat of the coronavirus, 22 million Americans file for unemployment. Cases in the country continue to rise as the United States surpasses many other countries in the number of COVID-19 cases.