-
Period: to
George Washington
‣ Westmoreland County, VA
‣ Elementary and limited secondary; No college education.
‣ Served as Commander-in-Chief of the army throughout the War.
‣ Delegate for Continental Congress, Pres. of Constitutional Convention.
‣ Martha Dandridge Custis (wife).
‣ French and Indian War, Declaration of Independence, Revolutionary War, Battle of Trenton, Valley Forge, Yorktown Campaign, Constitutional Convention, Whiskey Rebellion, Jay Treaty, Establishment of the Cabinet. -
Period: to
John Adams
‣ Braintree, MA
‣ Harvard, (1751-1755), Bachelor of Arts degree.
‣ During the Revolutionary War he served in France and Holland in diplomatic roles, helped negotiate the treaty of peace.
‣ Delegate for Continental Congress, Diplomat, Vice President.
‣ Abigail Adams (wife), Abigail, John, Susanna, Charles, Thomas (children).
‣ American Revolution, Declaration of Independence, Treaty of Paris, Quasi-War with France, Adams-Onís Treaty. -
Period: to
Thomas Jefferson
‣ Shadwell, VA
‣ 7 years studying, William and Mary (1760-1762). Read law.
‣ Virginia militia as a colonel.
‣ Delegate, Continental Congress, Governor, Minister, Secretary of State, Vice Pres.
‣ Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson (wife), Patsy and Mary (children).
‣ Declaration of Independence, Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark Expedition, American Revolution, First Barbary War, Embargo Act of 1807, Treaty of Paris, Jay Treaty, Battle of Saratoga. -
Period: to
James Madison
‣ Port Conway, Virginia
‣ Princeton University, graduated in 1771.
‣ Commissioned as colonel and commander of the Orange County Regiment, Virginia Militia.
‣ Delegate, Constitutional Convention, US House of Representatives, Secretary of State.
‣ Dolley Payne Todd Madison (wife).
‣ The Federalist Papers, War of 1812, Treaty of Ghent, Monroe Doctrine, Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, Louisiana Purchase, Era of Good Feelings, Missouri Compromise, Indian Removal Policy, Montpelier Conference. -
Period: to
James Monroe
‣ Monroe Hall, VA
‣ College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, VA.
‣ Enlisted in the Third Virginia Infantry (1775), then fought during the Revolutionary War.
‣ Delegate, Continental Congress, US Senator, Governor, Minister, Secretary of State.
‣ Elizabeth Kortright Monroe (wife), Eliza, Maria (children).
‣ American Revolutionary War, Louisiana Purchase, War of 1812, Monroe-Pinkney Treaty, Treaty of Ghent, Adams-Onís Treaty, Monroe Doctrine, Erie Canal, Tariff of 1824, Missouri Compromise. -
Period: to
John Quincy Adams
‣ Braintree, MA
‣ Harvard College (1787), studied law for 3 years with Theophilus Parsons, then practiced law in Boston.
‣ Served as a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
‣ Minister, US Senate, Secretary of State.
‣ Louisa Catherine Adams (wife), George, John, Charles (children).
‣ Treaty of Ghent, Monroe Doctrine, Adams-Onís Treaty, Tariff of 1828, Indian Removal, Gag Rule. -
Period: to
Andrew Jackson
‣ Waxhaws, NC
‣ Returned to school, taught reading and writing to children. Studied law (1784).
‣ Regular Army of the US to fight the British at Pensacola,
‣ US House Representatives, US Senate.
‣ Rachel Donelson Jackson (wife), adopted children.
‣ Battle of New Orleans, Indian Removal Act, Nullification Crisis, Panic of 1819, Bank War, Texas Independence, Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, Kitchen Cabinet, Spoils System, Trail of Tears, Texas Revolution. -
Period: to
Martin Van Buren
‣ Kinderhook, NY
‣ Did not attend college.
‣ Did not have any military service.
‣ Senator, Attorney General, Governor, US Senator, US Secretary of State, Vice President.
‣ Hannah Hoes Van Buren (wife), Abraham, John, Martin, Smith (children).
‣ Anti-Masonic Movement, Panic of 1837, Independent Treasury System, Abolitionist Movement, Treaty of Wanghia, Expansion of Infrastructure. -
Period: to
William Henry Harrison
‣ Charles City County, VA
‣ Hampden–Sydney College University of Pennsylvania.
‣ American military officer.
‣ Governor of Indiana Territory, Delegate for US Congress.
‣ Anna Tuthill Symmes (wife), Elizabeth, John, Lucy, William, John...(5+) (children).
‣ Battle of Fallen Timbers, Treaty of Greenville, Battle of Tippecanoe, War of 1812, Treaty of Fort Meigs, Battle of the Thames, Battle of Fort Stephenson, Adams-Onís Treaty, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Missouri Compromise. -
Period: to
John Tyler
‣ Charles City County, VA
‣ College of William and Mary and studied law.
‣ War of 1812.
‣ Virginia House of Delegates, US House of Representatives, Governor, US Senator, Vice President.
‣ Letitia Christian Tyler (first wife) Julia Gardiner (second wife), Mary, Robert, John...(+12)(children).
‣ War of 1812, Missouri Compromise, Nullification Crisis, Annexation of Texas, Treaty of Wanghia. -
Period: to
James K. Polk
‣ Pineville, NC
‣ University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
‣ Not much military service. extended the territory of the US through the Mexican–American War.
‣ Governor, US House of Representatives, Speaker of the House.
‣ Sarah Childress Polk (wife).
‣ Annexation of Texas, Oregon Treaty, Mexican- American War, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, California Gold Rush, Walker Tariff, Creation of the Independent Treasury System. -
Period: to
Zachary Taylor
‣ Orange County, VA
‣ Basic education.
‣ Joined the military, career officer in the Army.
‣ No previous political offices.
‣ Margaret Mackall Smith Taylor (wife), Ann, Sarah, Octavia, Margaret, Mary, Richard (children).
‣ Battle of Fort Harrison, Black Hawk War, Second Battle of Fort Texas, Battle of Palo Alto, Battle of Resaca de la Palma, Battle of Monterrey, Battle of Buena Vista, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, California Gold Rush, Clayton0Buwer Treaty, Compromise of 1850. -
Period: to
Millard Fillmore
‣ Summer Hill, NY
‣ Self taught to read and enrolled at a local school, 6 months later he took the bar exam and passed to become an attorney.
‣ Union Continentals, Major/Captain, during American Civil War (1820-30s)(1860-70s).
‣ NY State Assembly, US House of Representatives, Vice President of the US.
‣ Abigail Fillmore (wife), Millard, Mary (children).
‣ Compromise of 1850, California Gold Rush, Gadsden Purchase, Immigration Policy, Industrialization. -
Period: to
Franklin Pierce
‣ Hillsborough, HN
‣ Attended Bowdoin College Northampton Law School.
‣ Mexican War took him into active military service as a brigade commander in General Winfield Scott's army. (1846-48).
‣ US House of Representatives, Legislature, US Senate.
‣ Jane Means Appleton Pierce (wife), Franklin, Frank, Benjamin (children).
‣ Mexican-American War, Compromise of 1850, Ostend Manifesto Gadsden Purchase, Panic of 1857. -
Period: to
James Buchanan
‣ Cove Gap, PA
‣ Dickinson College, was gifted as a debater and learned in the law.
‣ Served in a reserve unit during the War of 1812 and did not experience any combat.
‣ US House of Representatives, Minister, US Senator, Secretary of State.
‣ No wife or children.
‣ Treaty of Fort Laramie, Oregon Treaty, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexican American War, Civil War, Panic of 1857. -
Period: to
Abraham Lincoln
‣ Larue County, KY
‣ No formal education, mostly educated himself by borrowing books and newspapers.
‣ Served as a volunteer in the Illinois Militia (1832), during the Black Hawk War, never saw combat.
‣ Legislature, US House of Representatives.
‣ Mary Todd Lincoln (wife), Robert, Edward, William, Thomas (children).
‣ Mexican-American War, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg Address, Civil War, Thirteenth Amendment. -
Period: to
Andrew Johnson
‣ Raleigh, NC
‣ Never attended school.
‣ American Civil War (1862–1865), Brigadier General, as Military Governor of Tennessee.
‣ Mayor of Greeneville, Legislature, US House of Representatives, Senate, Governor, US Senate.
‣ Eliza McCardle Johnson (wife), Martha, Charles, Mary, Robert, Andrew (children).
‣ Civil War, Reconstruction, Tenure of Office Act, Impeachment, Thirteenth Amendment, Black Codes, Purchase of Alaska.. -
Period: to
Ulysses S. Grant
‣ Point Pleasant, OH
‣ Received an education from several private schools.
‣ US Military Academy, colonel of the 21st Illinois Volunteer Regiment (1861), remained in the US Army through Civil War,
‣ Secretary of War.
‣ Julian Dent Grant (wife), Frederick, Ulysses, Ellen, Jesse (children).
‣ Civil War, Battle of Fort Donelson, Battle of Shiloh, Vicksburg Campaign, Battle of Chattanooga, Battle of Cold Harbor, Siege of Petersburg, Fifteenth Amendment, Panic of 1873, Treaty of Washington. -
Period: to
Rutherford B. Hayes
‣ Delaware, OH
‣ Kenyon College and Harvard Law School.
‣ Commission as a major in the 23rd Ohio Infantry, fought during the Civil War.
‣ City Solicitor, US House of Representatives, Governor.
‣ Lucy Webb Hayes (wife), Birchard, Webb, Rutherford, Joseph...(4+) (children).
‣ Civil War, Compromise of 1877, End of Reconstruction, Great Railroad Strike, Bland-Allison Act, Chinese Exclusion Act, Resumption of Specie Act, Indian Policy, Panic of 1873. -
Period: to
James Garfield
‣ Moreland Hills, OH
‣ College education, Williams College (1856).
‣ Major general, 42nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry 20th Brigade, 6th Division, Army of the Ohio, fought during the American Civil War Battle (1861–1863)
‣ State Senate, US House of Representatives.
‣ Lucretia Rudolph Garfield (wife), Eliza, Harry, James...(+4)(children).
‣ Civil War, Reconstruction Era, Credit Mobilier Scandal, Republican National Convention, Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. -
Period: to
Chester A. Arthur
‣ Fairfield, VT
‣ Union College in 1848.
‣ Brigadier general, Second Brigade (1857–1863).
‣ Collector of the Port of NY, Quartermaster General, Chairman of NY Republican State Committee.
‣ Ellen Herndon Arthur (wife), Wlliam, Chester, Ellen (children).
‣ Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, Chinese Exclusion Act, Naval Expansion, Pension Act, Panama Canal. -
Period: to
Grover Cleveland
‣ Caldwell, NJ
‣ Elementary education at the Fayetteville Academy and Clinton Grammar School.
‣ Did not personally serve during the Civil War, but was involved.
‣ Mayor of Buffalo.
‣ Frances Folsom Cleveland (wife), Ruth, Esther, Marion...(+2)(children).
‣ Interstate Commerce Act, Dawes Act, Panic of 1893, Pullman Strike, Annexation of Hawaii, Homestead Strike, Repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, Hawaiian Revolution, Civil Service Reform, Foreign Policy, Tariff Policy. -
Period: to
Benjamin Harrison
‣ North Bend, OH
‣ Farmer's College Miami University.
‣ Served as a colonel in the Union Army, was in the Battle of Resaca, Battle of Peachtree Creek and Battle of Nashville.
‣ US Senator, reporter for Supreme Court.
‣Caroline Scott Harrison (wife), Russell, Mary (children).
‣ Civil War, Passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act, Homestead Strike, Sherman Silver Purchase, Repeal of the Tenure of Office Act, Dingley Tariff. -
Period: to
Grover Cleveland
‣ Caldwell, NJ
‣ Elementary education at the Fayetteville Academy and Clinton Grammar School.
‣ Did not personally serve during the Civil War, but was involved.
‣ Mayor of Buffalo.
‣ Frances Folsom Cleveland (wife), Ruth, Esther, Marion...(+2)(children).
‣ Interstate Commerce Act, Dawes Act, Panic of 1893, Pullman Strike, Annexation of Hawaii, Homestead Strike, Repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, Hawaiian Revolution, Civil Service Reform, Foreign Policy, Tariff Policy. -
Period: to
William McKinley
‣ Niles, OH
‣ Allegheny College & Albany Law School.
‣ Served during the Civil War, a private in the Union Army (1861).
‣ US House of Representatives, Governor.
‣ Ida Saxton McKinley (wife), Katherine, Ida (children).
‣ Spanish- American War, Hawaiian Annexation, Gold Standard Act, Expansion of American Influence, Dingley Tariff, McKinley Tariff, Annexation of the Philippines, Open Door Policy, Alaskan Boundary Dispute, Foraker Act. -
Period: to
Theodore Roosevelt
‣ New York, NY
‣ Homeschooled, attended Harvard University and Columbia Law School.
‣ Served in the Spanish-American War (1898), involved with the "Rough Riders", Battle of San Juan Hill.
‣ State Assembly, Civil Service Commission, City Policy Commissioner, Assistant Secretary for Navy, Governor.
‣ Edith Roosevelt (wife), Alice Theodore, Kermit, Ethel, Archibald (children).
‣ Spanish- American War, Trust-Buster, Panama Canal, Pure Food and Drug Act, Russo-Japanese War, Bull Moose Party, WWI. -
Period: to
William Howard Taft
‣ Cincinnati, OH
‣ Yale University in 1878, studied at Cincinnati Law School.
‣ Judge and appointed co-chairman, did not server in combat.
‣Assistant Prosecutor, US Solicitor General, US Circuit Judge, Governor, Secretary of War.
‣ Helen Herron Taft (wife), Robert, Helen, Charles (children).
‣ Secretary of War, Mann-Elkins Act, Sixteenth Amendment, Judicial Reforms, Nine-Power Treaty, Taft-Katsura Agreement. -
Period: to
Woodrow Wilson
‣ Staunton, VA
‣ Princeton University and Johns Hopkins University.
‣ Did not have any military service,
‣ Governor, Pres. of Princeton Uni.
‣ Ellen Axson Wilson (wife), Margaret, Jessie, Eleanor (children).
‣ Underwood Tariff Act, Federal Reserve Act, Puerto Rican Citizenship, Panama Canal, Federal Trade Commission, WWI, Fourteen Points, Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations, Women's Suffrage, Red Scare, Influenza Pandemic. -
Period: to
Warren G. Harding
‣ Blooming Grove, OH
‣ Ohio Central College, high school level institution (1879-1882).
‣ Did not have any military service.
‣ US Senate.
‣ Florence Kling Harding (wife), Marshall (child).
‣ Teapot Dome Scandal, Return to Normalcy, Emergency Quota Act, Shepherd-Towner Maternity and Infancy Protection Act, Fordney-McCumber Tariff, Harding's Anti-Lynching Proposal, Indian Citizenship Act, Economic Recession, Women's Suffrage. -
Period: to
Calvin Coolidge
‣ Plymouth Notch, VT
‣ Black River Academy and then St. Johnsbury Academy before enrolling at Amherst College.
‣ Did not have any military service.
‣ City Solicitor, Mayor of Northampton, State Senator, Lieutenant Governor, Vice Pres.
‣ Grace Anna Goodhue Coolidge (wife), John, Calvin (children).
‣ Roaring Twenties, Dawes Plan, Immigration Act, Teapot Dome Scandal, Stock Market Boom, Tax Cuts. -
Period: to
Herbert Hoover
‣ West Branch, IA
‣ Stanford University.
‣ Did not have any military service.
‣ Secretary of Commerce.
‣ Lou Henry Hoover (wife), Herbert, Allan (children).
‣ WWI Relief Efforts, First Red Scare, Treaty of Versailles, Great Depression, Stock Market Crash, Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, Hoover Dam, WWII, Korean War. -
Period: to
Franklin D. Roosevelt
‣ Hyde Park, NY
‣ Harvard (1903), Columbia Law School (1904), passed the New York Bar Examination.
‣ Did not serve in active military.
‣ Assistant of Secretary of Navy, Senator, Governor.
‣ Eleanor Roosevelt (wife), Anna, James, Franklin...(+3)(children).
‣ New Deal, Banking Crisis, Prohibition Repeal, Good Neighbor Policy, Wagner Act, SSN Act, Court Packing Plan, Second New Deal, Roosevelt Recession, Neutrality Acts, Lend-Lease Act, Pearl Harbor, Yalta Conference. -
Period: to
Harry S. Truman
‣ Lamar, MO
‣ Public high school education.
‣ Served during WWI as an artillery officer and later then captain, enlisted in the Missouri National Guard (1905).
‣ County Judge, US Senator, Vice Pres.
‣ Bess Truman (wife), Margaret (child).
‣ WWI, Atomic Bombings, WWII, Truman Doctrine, Marshal Plan, Civil Rights Advocate, Korean War. -
Period: to
Dwight D. Eisenhower
‣ Denison, TX
‣ Both elementary and high school.
‣ Graduated from US Military Academy, served as a Military officer politician for 35+ years.
‣ Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces, Chief of Staff of US Army, Pres. of Columbia Uni.
‣ Mamie Geneva Doud Eisenhower (wife), Dwight, John (children).
‣ WWII, D-Day, European Theater, NATO, Korean War, Interstate Highway System, Civil Rights Little Rock, Cold War, Civil Rights Act of 1964, U.-2 Incident. -
Period: to
John F. Kennedy
‣ Brookline, MA
‣ Public school(s), The Choate School and London School of Economics (1935-1936). Harvard University (1940), graduate school at Stanford University.
‣ Served during WWII, enlisted in the US Navy (1941). Commanding Officer, served in the Pacific theater.
‣ US House of Representatives, Congressman, US Senate/Senator.
‣ Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (wife) Caroline, John, Patrick, Arabella (children).
‣ WWII, Bay of Pigs Invasion, Space Race, Cuban Missile Crisis, Berlin Wall speech. -
Period: to
Lyndon B Johnson
‣ Stonewall, TX
‣ Bachelor's degree in education, Welhausen School in Cotulla, Texas.
‣ Served during the WWII, commissioned as Lieutenant Commander in the US Naval Reserve (1940). Mainly a member rather than in active combat duty, stationed in the Pacific theater.
‣ US Representative, US Senator, Vice Pres.
‣ Claudia Alta Johnson (wife), Lynda, Luci (children).
‣ Civil Rights Act of 1964 and 1965, Great Society, Vietnam War, The Gulf of Tonkin Incident, Space Exploration, Medicare and Medicaid. -
Period: to
Richard M. Nixon
‣ Yorba Linda, CA
‣ Whittier College and Duke University.
‣ Served in the military during WWII, joined the US Navy (1942), lieutenant commander in the Pacific theater.
‣ US Representative, US Senator, Vice Pres.
‣ Patricia Nixon (wife), Tricia, Julie (children).
‣ Hiss Case, Watergate Scandal, Kitchen Debate, Vietnam War, Relations with China (increased economics and cultural exchange), Moon Landing, Nixon-Kennedy Debates, SALT I Treaty, Environmental Protection Agency. -
Period: to
Gerald R. Ford
‣ Omaha, NE
‣ University of Michigan.
‣ Served during WWII, joined the US Navy, participated in the Pacific theater, including the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
‣ US House Representative, Vice Pres.
‣ Elizabeth Ford (wife), Michael, John, Steven, Susan (children).
‣ Pardon of Richard Nixon, Watergate Scandal, Vietnam War, Fall of Saigon, Helsinki Accords, Mayaguez Incident. -
Period: to
Jimmy Carter
‣ Plains, GA
‣ Public schools in Plains.
‣ Graduate of the US Naval Academy, served in the Navy (1946-1953).
‣ Governor.
‣ Rosalynn Carter (wife), Jack, James, Donnel, Amy (children).
‣ Camp David Accords, Iran Hostage Crisis, Energy Policy, Panama Canal Treaty, SALT II Treaty, Three Mile Island Accident, Stagflation. -
Period: to
Ronald Reagan
‣ Tampico, IL
‣ Eureka College for economics and sociology in 1932.
‣ Served during WWII, no combat role. Captain in the US Army Reserve, served as an officer in the First Motion Picture Unit of the Army Air Forces.
‣ Governor, Pres. of Screen Actors Guild.
‣ Nancy Reagan (wife), Patti, Ronald (children).
‣ Reaganomics, Assassination attempt, Cold War, Beirut Barracks Bombing, Iran-Contra Affair, Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster, Reykjavik Summit, Reagan Doctrine, Space Exploration, INF Treaty. -
Period: to
George H. W. Bush
‣ Milton, MA
‣ Yale University.
‣ Served in the military during WWII, enlisted in the US Navy (1942), one of the youngest naval aviators.
‣ US Representative, Ambassador to the UN, Chairman of the Republican National Committee, Chief of US Liaison Office, Director of Central Intelligence, Vice Pres for US.
‣ Barbara Bush (wife), George, Pauline, John, Neil, Marvin, Dorothy (children).
‣ Cold War, Persian Gulf War, NAFTA, Americans with Disabilities Act, Fall of Berlin Wall. -
Period: to
William J. Clinton
‣ Hope, AR
‣ Georgetown University University College and Oxford Yale University.
‣ Did not serve in the military.
‣ Attorney General, Governor.
‣ Hillary Rodham Clinton (wife), Chelsea (children).
‣ Economic Boom, NAFTA, Welfare Reform, Healthcare Reform, Impeachment, Balanced Budge Act, NATO Enlargement, Oslo Accords and Middle East Peace Process, Foreign Policy, Advancements in Technology and Communications (internet). -
Period: to
George W. Bush
‣ New Haven, CT
‣ High school at Phillips Academy, Yale University from (1964 -1968).
‣ Served in the military, member of the Texas Air National Guard.
‣ Governor.
‣ Laura Bush (wife), Barbara, Jenna (children).
‣ 911 Attacks, Invasion of Afghanistan, Invasion of Iraq, No Child Left Behind Act, Hurricane Katrina, Financial Crisis of 2008, Troubled Asset Relief Program, Creation of the Department of Homeland Security, Patriot Act, Global AIDS Initiative. -
Period: to
Barack Obama
‣ Honolulu, HI
‣ Columbia University (1983), Harvard Law School (1988), the first black president of the Harvard Law Review.
‣ Did not serve in the military.
‣ US Senator.
‣ Michelle Obama (wife), Malia, Sasha (children).
‣ Affordable Care Act Passage, Nobel Peace Prize, Economic Stimulus Package, Bin Laden Raid, Repeal of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" Policy, Iran Nuclear Deal, Paris Climate Agreement, Marriage Equality, Cuban Thaw, Arab Spring. -
Period: to
Donald Trump
‣ New York, NY
‣ University of Pennsylvania (1968).
‣ Did not serve in the military.
‣ No previous political office.
‣ Ivana Trump (first wife), Marla Maples (second wife), Melania Trump (third wife), Donald, Ivanka, Eric (children).
‣ Travel Ban Executive Order, North Korea Diplomacy, COVID-19 Pandemic, Tax Reform, Paris Agreement Withdrawal. -
Period: to
Joseph R. Biden
‣ Scranton, PA
‣ University of Delaware before earning his law degree from Syracuse University.
‣ Did not serve in the military.
‣ US Senator, Vice Pres.
‣ Neilia Biden (first wife), Jill Tracy Jacobs Biden (second wife), Naomi, Joseph, Robert (children).
‣ Authorship of the Violence Against Women Act, Chairmanship of the Senate Judiciary Committee, Iraq War Resolution, Passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, COVID-19 Pandemic.